WHAT ARE LUNG DISEASES ?
Chronic Cough
Lung Cancer
Sleep Apnea
2
million
sufferers
50%
children are wheezing
by the age of 6
90%
uncontrolled
cases
ASTHMA
Asthma is a non-curable lung disease that could affect anyone as young as 6 years old.
Asthma Emergency
If you feel:
Tightness in Chest
Wheezing
Coughing
Difficulty Breathing
Take a puff of the reliever straight away. If accessible,
use a peak flow meter to measure how well your lungs are able to expel air.
You need to seek medical help IMMEDIATELY if:
-
Your reliever isn’t helping despite having used it twice
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-
Symptoms are worsening (breathlessness, cough, wheeze)
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You just “don’t feel right”
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You are unable to sleep or eat
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You are unable to complete a sentence
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You are getting very tired
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Peak flows less than 50% of normal, or consistently below 80% despite several days of treatment
Do not drive by yourself - get a friend or relative to take you to the hospital or call an ambulance. Whilst waiting for an ambulance, do not lie down, sit up straight and you can take 1 puff of your reliever every 30 seconds, up to 10 puffs.
​
If you have been given oral steroids to keep at home, take them immediately and inform the doctor.
Controlling Asthma
Don’t let Asthma controls you, you can control your asthma.
People with asthma CAN have normal, active lives once they have learned to control their asthma by practicing these few ways:
Understand what is asthma
Recognise your triggers and signs of an attack
Take your medications regularly
Make sure you have an asthma action plan
uncontrolled
cases
90%
CHRONIC COUGH
A chronic cough can occur with other signs and symptoms,
which may include:
A runny or stuffy nose
A feeling of liquid running down the back of your throat (postnasal drip)
Frequent throat clearing and sore throat
Hoarseness
Wheezing and shortness of breath
Heartburn or a sour taste in your mouth
In rare cases, coughing up blood
Cause of Chronic Cough
Postnasal Drip
​
​When your nose or sinuses produce extra mucus, it can drip down the back of your throat and trigger your cough reflex.
Asthma
​
An asthma-related cough may come and go with the seasons, appear after an upper respiratory tract infection, or become worse when you're exposed to cold air or certain chemicals or fragrances. Asthma most common presented as prolong cough
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
​
​In this common condition, stomach acid flows back into the tube that connects your stomach and throat (esophagus). The constant irritation can lead to chronic coughing.
The coughing, in turn, worsens GERD — a vicious cycle.
Infections
​
A cough can linger long after other symptoms of pneumonia, flu, a cold or other infection of the upper respiratory tract have gone away. Chronic cough can also occur with fungal infections of the lung, tuberculosis (TB) infection or lung infection with nontuberculous mycobacterial organisms.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
​
A chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow from the lungs, includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Chronic bronchitis can cause a cough that brings up coloured sputum. Emphysema causes shortness of breath due to damages to the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli). Most people with COPD are current or former smokers.
Blood Pressure Drugs
​
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which are commonly prescribed for high blood pressure and heart failure, are known to cause chronic cough in some people.
Lung cancer
Less commonly, chronic cough may be caused by:
-
Aspiration
(food in adults; foreign bodies in children)
​
-
Bronchiectasis
(damaged, dilated airways)
​
-
Bronchiolitis
(inflammation of the very small airways of the lung)
​
-
Cystic Fibrosis
​
-
Nonasthmatic Eosinophilic Bronchitis
(airway inflammation not caused by asthma)
​
-
Sarcoidosis
(collections of inflammatory cells in different parts of your body, most commonly the lungs)
​
-
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
(chronic scarring of the lungs due to an unknown cause)
LUNG CANCERS
Lung cancer typically doesn't cause signs and symptoms in its earliest stages.
​
Signs and symptoms of lung cancer typically occur only when the disease is advanced.
Signs and Symptoms
A new cough that doesn't go away
​
Coughing up blood, even a small amount
​
Shortness of breath
​
Chest pain
​
Hoarseness
​
Losing weight without trying
​
Bone pain
​
Headache
90%
Risk Factors
Smoking
Exposure to secondhand smoke
Exposure to
radon gas
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Exposure
to asbestos and
other carcinogens
Family history
of lung cancer
Types of Lung Cancers
Two General Types of Lung Cancer
Small Cell Lung Cancer
​
Small cell lung cancer occurs almost exclusively in heavy smokers and is less common
than non-small cell lung cancer.
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
​
Non-small cell lung cancer is an umbrella term for several types of lung cancers that behave in a similar way. Non-small cell lung cancers include squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinoma.
A runny or stuffy nose
A feeling of liquid running down the back of your throat (postnasal drip)
Frequent throat clearing and sore throat
Hoarseness
Wheezing and shortness of breath
Heartburn or a sour taste in your mouth
In rare cases, coughing up blood
A chronic cough can occur with other signs and symptoms,
which may include:
CHRONIC COUGH
SLEEP APNEA
Loud snoring leaving you feeling tired during the day?
Sleep apnea is a potentially serious sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts.
​
If you snore loudly and feel tired even after a full night's sleep, you might have sleep apnea.
MAIN TYPES
of SLEEP APNEA
Obstructive
Sleep Apnea
the more common form
that occurs when throat muscles relax
Central
Sleep Apnea
which occurs when your brain doesn't send
proper signals
to the muscles that control breathing
Mixed Type
Sleep Apnea Syndrome
which occurs when someone has
both obstructive sleep apnea
and central sleep apnea
SIGN and SYMPTOMS
Impotence
​
Morning headaches
​
Pauses in breathing
​
Waking up at night feeling short of breath
Forgetfulness and difficulty concentrating
​
Waking up with a dry mouth or sore throat
​
Choking, snorting, or gasping during sleep
​
Going to the bathroom frequently during the night
Uncharacteristic moodiness, irritability, or depression
​
Loud and chronic snoring almost every night
Insomnia or nighttime awakenings; restless or fitful sleep
​
Daytime sleepiness and fatigue, no matter
how much time you spend in bed
​
Refer to doctor if you suspect you are at risk
Causes of Sleep Apnea
While anyone can have sleep apnea,
you have a higher risk for obstructive sleep apnea if you’re:
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- Overweight
- Male
- With a family history of
sleep apnea
- Over the age of 50
- A smoker
- Affected by high
blood pressure
Someone with a neck circumference greater than 15.75 inches (40 cm)
Ways to Improve Sleep Apnea
Lose Weight
people who are overweight have extra tissue in the back of their throat, which can fall down over the airway and block the flow of air into the lungs while they sleep.
Even a small amount of weight loss can open up your throat and improve sleep apnea symptoms.
Quit Smoking
smoking contributes to sleep apnea by increasing inflammation and fluid retention in your throat and upper airway.
Avoid Alcohol, Sleeping Pills
and Sedatives
especially before bedtime, because they relax the muscles in the throat and interfere with breathing.
Exercise Regularly
as well as helping you lose weight, regular exercise can have a major effect on the duration and quality of sleep.
Aerobic and resistance training can help reduce sleep apnea symptoms, while yoga is also good for strengthening the muscles in your airways and improving breathing.
Avoid Caffeine and Heavy Meals
Avoid caffeine and heavy meals within two hours of going to bed.
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